Table of Contents
- 1 What is the energy from the high-energy electrons used for?
- 2 What are the high-energy electrons used for during the electron transport chain?
- 3 What are the high energy electrons?
- 4 What does it mean for an electron to be high energy?
- 5 In what molecule does the energy from these high-energy electrons end up?
- 6 How are electrons used in the electron transport chain?
- 7 How are electrons used in the proton pump?
What is the energy from the high-energy electrons used for?
As the high-energy electrons are transported along the chains, some of their energy is captured. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions (from NADH and FADH2) across the inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space. Electron transport in a mitochondrion is shown in Figure below.
What are the high-energy electrons used for during the electron transport chain?
High-energy electrons are released from NADH and FADH2, and they move along electron transport chains, like those used in photosynthesis. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions(from NADH and FADH2) across the inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
How are high-energy electrons used by the electron transport chain to produce ATP?
The FADH2 and NADH molecules produced in glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle, donate high-energy electrons to energy carrier molecules within the membrane. Hydrogen ions flow “down” the gradient – from outer to inner compartment – through the ion channel/enzyme ATP synthase, which transfers their energy to ATP.
What are the high-energy electrons converted into?
The flow of these high-energy electrons generates a proton-motive force through the action of the electron-transport chain. This proton-motive force is then transduced by ATP synthase to form ATP. A principal difference between oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis is the source of the high-energy electrons.
What are the high energy electrons?
Very high-energy electrons (VHEEs), typically defined as those above 40 MeV, provide a potential new radiotherapy modality with dosimetric advantages. Beams of such electrons penetrate deep into the patient, enabling treatment of deep-seated tumours that photon-based irradiation may not reach.
What does it mean for an electron to be high energy?
If you’ve heard it said that molecules like glucose have “high-energy” electrons, this is a reference to the relatively high potential energy of the electrons in their C−C and C−H bonds. The redox reactions that remove electron pairs from glucose transfer them to small molecules called electron carriers.
What is the function of the electrons as they move along the electron transport chain?
The direct purpose of moving electrons down the electron transport chain is to pump protons (hydrogen ions) into the intermembrane space. This creates a chemiosmotic gradient that the cell uses to generate ATP by selectively allowing hydrogen ions to move back into the mitochondrial matrix.
How does the electron transport chain convert ADP to ATP?
ADP is converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group. The conversion takes place in the substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, known as the cytoplasm, or in special energy-producing structures called mitochondria.
In what molecule does the energy from these high-energy electrons end up?
ATP
As electrons move through the electron transport chain, they go from a higher to a lower energy level and are ultimately passed to oxygen (forming water). Energy released in the electron transport chain is captured as a proton gradient, which powers production of ATP by a membrane protein called ATP synthase.
How are electrons used in the electron transport chain?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.
Where does most of the energy in a cell come from?
The electron transport chain is where most of the energy cells need to operate is generated. This “chain” is actually a series of protein complexes and electron carrier molecules within the inner membrane of cell mitochondria, also known as the cell’s powerhouse.
How is the electron transport chain involved in oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient.
How are electrons used in the proton pump?
Terms in this set (59) Protons pumps use the energy of high energy electrons to pump protons through the membrane from low to high concentration (active transport). As the high energy electrons pass through the proton pump, it pumps protons across a membrane from low to high concentration (also active transport).