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What does FosB do?
FosB is a transcription factor in the brain which, together with other molecules, is involved in so-called signal transduction (transmission of stimuli to the cells), that is to say conveys genetic information between the cells and also determines whether certain genes are activated or not.
How long does FosB last?
Although the ΔFosB signal is relatively long-lived, it is not permanent. ΔFosB degrades gradually and can no longer be detected in brain after 1–2 months of drug withdrawal, even though certain behavioral abnormalities persist for much longer periods of time.
How long does it take for deltaFosB to go away?
deltaFosB, like CREB, is induced in the NAc and certain other regions by chronic exposure to drugs of abuse, however, unlike CREB, deltaFosB is long-lived in that it persists in brain for as long as 6-8 weeks after cessation of drug administration.
What are nucleus accumbens?
Introduction: The nucleus accumbens is considered as the neural interface between motivation and action, playing a key role on feeding, sexual, reward, stress-related, drug self-administration behaviors, etc.
Where is DeltaFosB located?
DeltaFosB, a member of the Fos family of transcription factors, accumulates within a subset of neurons of the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum (brain regions important for addiction) after repeated administration of many kinds of drugs of abuse.
Where are transcription factors synthesized?
nucleus
2.3. 2.2. Transcription Factors Have Conserved Domains and Are Grouped into Several Families. Transcription factors are proteins that are synthesized in the cytoplasm but are located in the nucleus.
Where is FOSB located?
As such, the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation….
| FOSB | ||
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 19: 45.47 – 45.48 Mb | Chr 7: 19.3 – 19.31 Mb |
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What nuclei produces dopamine?
Located in the midbrain, at the top of the brainstem, the VTA is one of the most primitive parts of the brain. It is the neurons of the VTA that synthesize dopamine, which their axons then send to the nucleus accumbens.
What is striatum?
The striatum is the input module to the basal ganglia, a neuronal circuit necessary for voluntary movement control (Hikosaka et al., 2000). The striatum is composed of three nuclei: caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum. The latter contains the nucleus accumbens (NAcc).
Is an activator a transcription factor?
A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
How does a transcription factor change gene expression?
Transcription factors are proteins that help turn specific genes “on” or “off” by binding to nearby DNA. Transcription factors that are activators boost a gene’s transcription. Groups of transcription factor binding sites called enhancers and silencers can turn a gene on/off in specific parts of the body.
Where is ATF3 protein produced?
the nucleus
ATF3 proteins are localized in the nucleus. ATF3 is a member of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors and both homodimerize and heterodimerize with other members of CREB/ATF family, including C/EBPg, CHOP/DDIT3, ATF2, Jun, JunB, p21SNFT/JDP1, and Nrf2/NFE2L2.
What is the role of Delta FosB in addiction?
Increasing evidence suggests that the transcription factor DeltaFosB represents one mechanism by which drugs of abuse produce relatively stable changes in the brain that contribute to the addiction phenotype.
How does Delta FosB affect the reward system?
Delta FosB has been implicated in the development of drug addiction and control of the reward system in the brain, and is linked to changes in a number of other gene products such as CREB and sirtuins. Delta FosB also regulates the commitment of mesenchymal precursor cells to the adipocyte or osteoblast lineage.
Where does Delta FosB accumulate in the brain?
DeltaFosB, a member of the Fos family of transcription factors, accumulates within a subset of neurons of the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum (brain regions important for addiction) after repeated administration of many kinds of drugs of abuse.
What happens when you overexpress Delta FosB in mice?
Studies in inducible transgenic mice that overexpress either DeltaFosB or a dominant negative inhibitor of the protein provide direct evidence that DeltaFosB causes increased sensitivity to the behavioral effects of drugs of abuse and, possibly, increased drug seeking behavior.